Resumen La suplementación surge como una estrategia simple para mejorar la productividad animal en sistemas que adoptan praderas diferidas de pasto como dieta básica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los niveles de suplementación de harina de vaina de mezquite sobre la ingesta, la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y la ganancia de peso corporal (PC) de caprinos en pastoreo diferido. Treinta y cinco (35) caprinos machos (24.0 ± 2.9 kg PC) se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar, con cinco tratamientos y siete repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en un control de suplemento (0.05 % de PC de sal proteico-mineral) y niveles crecientes a 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 y 2.0 % de PC de suplementación con harina de vaina de mezquite. La ingesta de materia seca y nutrientes del forraje y la dieta total aumentaron linealmente (P<0.0001) en función de los niveles del suplemento. Se observó un efecto cuadrático (P<0.0001) para las variables de digestibilidad, excepto para el extracto etéreo y los carbohidratos no fibrosos, que presentaron un efecto lineal creciente (P<0.0001). Los niveles de suplementación aumentaron linealmente las variables de rendimiento (P<0.05). Se recomienda la suplementación del concentrado al 2.0 % de PC con harina de vaina de mezquite al 30 % en su composición para promover la reducción del ciclo productivo de los caprinos en praderas diferidas de pasto Urochloa.

Abstract Supplementation emerges as a simple strategy to improve animal productivity in systems that adopt deferred grass pasture as the basic diet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of levels of supplementation of mesquite pod meal on intake, digestibility of nutrients, and body weight (BW) gain of goats in grazing deferred. Thirty-five (35) goat males (24.0 ± 2.9 kg BW) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and seven replications. Treatments constituted a supplement control (0.05% BW of protein-mineral salt) and increasing levels at 0.5; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0% BW of supplementation with mesquite pod meal. Dry matter intake and nutrients of the forage and total diet increased linearly (P<0.0001) as a function of the levels of the supplement. A quadratic effect was observed (P<0.0001) for the digestibility variables, except for ethereal extract and non-fiber carbohydrates, which presented an increasing linear effect (P<0.0001). Supplementation levels increased linearly on the performance variables (P<0.05). It is recommended the concentrate supplementation at 2.0% BW with mesquite pod meal at 30 % in its composition for promoting the reduction of the productive cycle of goats in deferred Urochloa grass pastures.

RESUMEN: Introducción: La objeción de conciencia (OC) puede generar un conflicto para los profesionales de la salud en temas como la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE). Objetivo: Analizar los argumentos contenidos en la evidencia científica para la OC en el contexto de IVE. Método: Revisión integrativa literaria en seis etapas, obtenidos en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PUBMED, ISI Web of Science, LILACS y SciELO publicados entre 2018-2022 en idiomas inglés, portugués y español, ajustada a los requerimientos PRISMA. Los datos fueron resumidos mediante análisis temático. Resultados: A partir de 55 textos, 25 fueron analizados. Un 32% de las publicaciones se realizó en 2020, el 36% son análisis crítico de la literatura, 24% realizadas en Chile y un 32% se obtuvieron de PUBMED. Se obtienen tres categorías de trabajo: 1. Características de la OC. ¿Cómo afecta la OC a la salud pública? 2. La conveniencia de proceder a una regulación del ejercicio de la OC.3. Desafíos en materia de OC. Conclusiones: Se problematiza acerca de los aspectos que sostienen las actitudes profesionales, insistiendo en que, si bien la ley reconoce el ejercicio de OC en el ámbito de la salud, es necesario articular una protección bidireccional, de esta manera la OC se legitima y adquiere coherencia, velando por el derecho a la salud de las mujeres. Así, su argumento reside en el entendiendo que el principal compromiso de los equipos de salud es el bienestar de la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres en todos los contextos.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Conscientious objection (CO) can generate a conflict for health professionals on issues such as voluntary interruption of pregnancy (IVE). Objective: To analyze the arguments in the scientific evidence for CO in IVE. Method: Integrative literary review in six stages, obtained from the MEDLINE/PUBMED, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO databases published between 2018-2022 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, adjusted to PRISMA requirements. Data were summarized using thematic analysis. Results: From 55 texts, 25 were analyzed. 32% of the publications were made in 2020, 36% are critical analyses of the literature, 24% were made in Chile, and 32% were obtained from PUBMED. Three categories of work are accepted: 1. Characteristics of the CO. How does CO affect public health? 2. The advisability of proceeding to a regulation of the exercise of the CO.3. CO challenges. Conclusions: The aspects that support professional attitudes are problematized, insisting that, although the law recognizes the exercise of CO in the health field, it is necessary to articulate bidirectional protection; in this way, CO is legitimized and acquires coherence, ensuring the right to health of women. Thus, his argument resides in the understanding that the main commitment of health teams is the well-being of women's sexual and reproductive health in all contexts.

ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition defined by the presence of primary debilitating motor symptoms. This study aims to investigate the benefits of high-intensity progressive resistance training on muscle tissue and motor performance before and after the induction of PD in rats. A total of 80 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, var. albinus) aged 40 days and weighing between 250 and 450g were used. A total of 40 animals were subjected to PD surgery to induce electrolytic injury and were randomly assigned to the following subgroups: animals trained before PD induction (PA-Exa); animals trained after PD induction (PA-Exd); animals trained before and after PD induction (PA-Exad); and sedentary animals with PD induction (PA-Sed). The other 40 animals (control) were subjected to surgical access but not to PD electrolytic injury (Sham) and distributed in the same subgroups described above. For the PD induction surgery, electrolytic stimulation was used at the following coordinates: anteroposterior (AP) −4.9, mid-lateral (ML) 1.7,and dorsoventral (DV) 8.1. High-intensity progressive resistance training was performed on a vertical ladder five days/week from 30 to 45 minutes for four weeks. For our functional evaluation, the parallel bars and the misstep tests were used at the beginning (after surgery) and at the end of the experiment. After euthanasia, the forelimb biceps and hindlimb flexor hallucis longus muscles were removed. Processing, coloration, and histomorphometry analysis of muscle tissue were performed for all groups. To analyze the data, GraphPad Prism 9.4 was used with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a p<0.05. Data on muscle fiber count and area in forelimb biceps showed no significant differences, with a 0.853 and 0.4122 p-value, respectively. Flexor hallucis longus muscle fiber count showed a significant difference (p=0.0356), and PA-Exa and PA-Exd averaged the highest means. Hindlimb flexor hallucis longus muscle fiber area also evinced a significant difference (p=0.0306), in which PA-Exd, PA-Exad, and Sham-Exad showed the largest areas. Analysis of hindlegs in the parallel bars test showed that PA-Exad evinced the best functional performance. In the misstep test, we observed an increase in the number of errors animals made for almost all the groups, evincing a significant difference in the number of errors before and after the test only for PA-Exa, PA-Exd, and PA-Sed. We concluded that the animals that underwent high-intensity progressive training showed better performance in their hindlegs than in their fore ones and that animals that exercised before and after surgery benefited more from training.

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RESUMO A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva definida pela presença de sintomas motores debilitantes primários. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os benefícios do treinamento com exercícios físicos progressivos de alta intensidade no tecido muscular e no desempenho motor antes e depois da indução da DP em ratos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 80 ratos Wistar machos (Rattus norvegicus var. albinus) com 40 dias de vida e peso corporal entre 250 e 450g. Quarenta animais foram submetidos à cirurgia de indução da DP por lesão eletrolítica e distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes subgrupos: animais treinados antes da indução da DP (PA-Exa), animais treinados depois da indução da DP (PA-Exd), animais treinados antes e depois da indução da DP (PA-Exad) e animais sedentários com indução da DP (PA-Sed). Os outros 40 animais (controle) foram submetidos ao acesso cirúrgico, mas não à lesão eletrolítica (sham) da DP, e distribuídos nos mesmos subgrupos descritos anteriormente. Para cirurgia de indução da DP, foi utilizada estimulação eletrolítica nas coordenadas: anteroposterior (AP) igual a −4,9, médio-lateral (ML) igual a 1,7 e dorsoventral (DV) igual a 8,1. O treinamento com exercícios físicos progressivos de alta intensidade foi realizado na escada vertical, cinco dias/semana, de 30 a 45 minutos, por quatro semanas. Para avaliação funcional, foi utilizado o teste das barras paralelas e do passo em falso no início, depois da cirurgia e no final do experimento. Após a eutanásia dos animais, foram retirados os músculos bíceps da pata dianteira e flexor longo do hálux da pata traseira. Foi realizado processamento, coloração e análise histomorfométrica do tecido muscular dos grupos de animais. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa GraphPad Prism 9.4, com a análise de variância (Anova) one-way e p<0,05. Os dados sobre contagem e área das fibras musculares no bíceps da pata dianteira do animal não demonstraram diferenças significativas com valor de p igual a 0,853 e 0,4122, respectivamente. Os resultados da contagem de fibras musculares no flexor longo do hálux demonstraram diferença significativa (p=0,0356), e os grupos que apresentaram maior média de fibras foram PA-Exa e PA-Exd. Sobre a área das fibras do músculo flexor longo do hálux da pata traseira, também foi evidenciada diferença significativa (p=0,0306), e os grupos que apresentaram maiores áreas foram PA-Exd, PA-Exad e o grupo de animais treinados antes e depois da falsa cirurgia (SHAM-Exad). A análise das patas traseiras no teste das barras paralelas demonstrou que os animais do grupo PA-Exad apresentaram melhora do desempenho funcional nesse teste. No teste do passo em falso, foi observado aumento do número de erros cometidos pelos animais em quase todos os grupos, evidenciando diferença significativa no número de erros antes e depois do teste apenas nos grupos PA-Exa, PA-Exd e PA-Sed. Conclui-se que os animais que realizaram o treinamento com exercícios físicos progressivos de alta intensidade apresentaram melhor desempenho nas patas traseiras em comparação com as dianteiras e que os animais que se exercitaram antes e depois da cirurgia foram mais beneficiados com o treinamento.

Abstract The N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), a urease inhibitor, has been reported as one of the most promising compounds to reduce losses by volatilization, and to maximize the use of urea nitrogen (N) in agricultural systems. A field study was carried out to examine urease inhibitors' potential about volumetric density and forage mass grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés) to N application. The experiment was carried out from September 2017 to September 2018. The experimental design used was complete randomized blocks in the 3×2×4 factorial array, considering: three periods of the year (wet season, dry season, and the transition), two sources of urea (conventional urea and NBPT-treated urea), and four N rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha-1 yr-1), replicated three times. Nitrogen sources promoted a positive effect (P<0.0001) on bulk density, forage mass, and in the grazing stratum during the wet season and the transition season, with increasing N rates in pastures. The leaf: stem ratio decreased linearly (P<0.0045) as increased N rates, and the higher ratio during the wet season and lower in the dry season of the year. For the rates of 80 kg N ha-1 yr-1, there was a significant difference (P=0.0042) between sources, with greater (P=0.0006) forage mass of 0-30 cm, post-grazing forage mass (P=0.0042) and forage volumetric density (P=0.0006), when utilized the conventional urea. The application of N, regardless of the source, provides an increase in forage mass and volumetric density in Xaraés grass pastures up to a dose of 240 kg N ha-1 yr-1, in the transition season and wet season.

Resumen La N-(n-butil) triamida tiofosfórica (NBPT) es un inhibidor de la ureasa usado en los sistemas agrícolas para reducir las pérdidas por volatilización de NH3 y maximizar el uso del nitrógeno ureico (N). Se realizó un estudio de campo para evaluar el efecto de la urea tratada con NBPT sobre la densidad volumétrica y la masa de forraje en el pasto Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés. El periodo experimental fue de un año (septiembre 2017 a septiembre 2018). El diseño experimental fue de bloques completamente aleatorios con un arreglo factorial de 3×2×4: tres estaciones del año (lluvia, sequía y transición), dos fuentes de urea (convencional y tratada con NBPT), y cuatro tasas de N (0, 80, 160 y 240 kg N ha-1 año-1). Se hicieron tres réplicas. Ambas fuentes de nitrógeno tuvieron un efecto positivo (P<0.0001) sobre la densidad aparente, la masa de forraje y el estrato de pastoreo durante la estación de lluvia y la de transición. También produjeron aumentos de N en los pastos. La relación hoja:tallo disminuyó linealmente (P<0.0045) a medida que aumentaron las tasas de N; la relación mayor fue durante la estación de lluvia y la menor en la estación de sequía. A la tasa de 80 kg N ha-1 año-1, hubo una diferencia (P=0.0042) entre las fuentes de N. A esta tasa la urea convencional produjo una mayor (P=0.0006) masa de forraje total, masa de forraje pospastoreo (P= 0.0042) y densidad volumétrica del forraje (P=0.0006). En las estaciones de lluvia y de transición, la aplicación de N, cual sea la fuente, resultó en un aumento en la masa y la densidad volumétrica del forraje en praderas de pasto Xaraés hasta la tasa de 240 kg N ha-1 año-1.

RESUMO A região hidrográfica da Bacia da Baía de Guanabara integra 17 municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os quais estão os maiores geradores de resíduos sólidos: São Gonçalo, Belford Roxo, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro e Duque de Caxias. O lixiviado, efluente altamente tóxico, quando descartado de maneira inadequada, pode provocar diversos impactos negativos nos corpos hídricos. Este trabalho apresenta, por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, as áreas de destinação final de resíduos sólidos e os principais corpos hídricos vulneráveis e potencialmente receptores de lixiviado da região hidrográfica da Bacia da Baía de Guanabara. Realizou-se uma pesquisa em documentação legal das centrais de tratamento de resíduos, aterros controlados e vazadouros, relatórios das visitas técnicas do Grupo de trabalho Chorume, informações do ICMS Ecológico 2019–2020 — ano de referência 2018 — e demais documentos institucionais pertinentes ao objeto da pesquisa. Observou-se que, impulsionados pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, pelo Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços Ecológico e por programas do Governo do Estado, como o Pacto pelo Saneamento (Rio + Limpo e Lixão Zero), os municípios da região hidrográfica da Bacia da Baía de Guanabara, em sua maioria, encerraram seus lixões nos últimos 10 anos. Não obstante, grande parte dos aterros sanitários construídos não dispõe de estações de tratamento de lixiviado que atendam à vazão gerada e os aterros controlados e lixões, ativos e desativados, seguem produzindo lixiviado e descartando nos corpos hídricos da Baía de Guanabara.

ABSTRACT The hydrographic region of the Guanabara Bay basin includes 17 municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and among them are the largest solid waste generators in the state: São Gonçalo, Belford Roxo, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, and Duque de Caxias. Leachate, a highly toxic effluent, can cause several negative impacts on water bodies when improperly disposed of. This study, through a qualitative and quantitative approach, maps the areas used for the final disposal of solid waste within the hydrographic region of the Guanabara Bay basin and vulnerable water bodies which are potential receivers of leachate. Research was carried out analyzing legal documentation for sanitary and controlled landfills and dumps, reports of technical visits of the Leachate Work Group, data from the 2018 Ecological Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (reduced state tax incentives) and other institutional documents related to the research object. It was observed that most of the municipalities in the hydrographic region of the Guanabara Bay basin closed their landfills within the last 10 years, driven by the National Solid Waste Policy, Ecological Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços and state government programs, such as the Pact for Sanitation (Rio + Clean and Zero Dump). Nevertheless, most of these closed sites do not have leachate treatment stations that meet the flow rate and thus continue producing leachate and discarding it into the water bodies of Guanabara Bay.

ABSTRACT Brazilian spotted fever, a zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks, is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. We report a fulminant case of this zoonosis in a healthy 46-year-old military man in the urban region of Rio de Janeiro city, in October, 2021. Ticks and capybaras (Amblyomma sculptum, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, respectively) were identified in the military fields, pointing to the participation of this large synanthropic rodent, recognized as an efficient amplifier host of Rickettsia rickettsii in Brazil. As the military population is considered a risk group for spotted fever, it is necessary to alert health professionals to the importance of the early detection of the disease and its adequate management, mainly in populations that are particularly at risk of exposure to ticks, in order to avoid fatal outcomes.

Abstract This article approaches the process of institutionalization of Sociology in Latin America in the sixties from a gender perspective. It argues that there is a historical sociology from and for Latin America and in this framework, the trajectories of two women are analyzed: María Cristina Salazar (Colombia) and Betty Cabezas de González (Chile). Based on the biographical network method, the article proposes to highlight the entanglement between Roman Catholic sphere and Sociology in the process of institutionalization of Latin American sociology in the sixties, and the visibility of academic women’s agency in that process. The article is structured in two parts. In the first, some aspects of the institutionalization of sociology in Latin America are addressed and its vocation towards historical sociology is affirmed. In the second, facts and experiences of the biography of the two women mentioned above are addressed regarding the process in question. In the conclusions, the strongest argumentative lines of the text are summarized, showing the relevance of the link between religion and sociology and the agency of women in the process of institutionalization of the field.

Resumen Este artículo propone abordar el proceso de institucionalización de la sociología en América Latina en los años sesenta desde una perspectiva de género. Se afirma la existencia de una sociología histórica de y para América Latina y en este marco se analiza las trayectorias de dos mujeres: María Cristina Salazar (Colombia) y Betty Cabezas de González (Chile). A partir del recurso a la reconstrucción de trayectorias y redes, se propone poner de relieve el entramado entre mundo católico y sociología en el proceso de institucionalización de la sociología latinoamericana en los años sesenta y la visibilización de la agencia de las mujeres académicas en ese proceso. El artículo está estructurado en dos partes. En la primera, se abordan algunos aspectos de la institucionalización de la sociología en América Latina y se afirma la vocación de sociología histórica de la sociología latinoamericana. En la segunda, se abordan hechos y experiencias de la biografía de las dos mujeres antes mencionadas en el proceso en cuestión. En las conclusiones, se recuperan las líneas argumentativas más fuertes del texto mostrando la relevancia del vínculo entre religión y sociología y la agencia de las mujeres en el proceso de institucionalización del campo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a acurácia diagnóstica de um escore de radiografia de tórax (RxT) e também de dados clínicos e laboratoriais na previsão da evolução clínica de pacientes com infecção por SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Métodos: Estudo piloto multicêntrico retrospectivo incluindo pacientes com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 internados nos PSs de três hospitais na Itália entre fevereiro e março de 2020. Dois radiologistas avaliaram as RxT iniciais dos pacientes de forma independente utilizando um escore semiquantitativo para determinar a gravidade do comprometimento pulmonar: escore 0 representava ausência de comprometimento pulmonar, enquanto escores de 1 a 4 representavam o primeiro (menos grave) ao quarto (mais grave) quartil de gravidade do comprometimento pulmonar. Coletaram-se dados clínicos e laboratoriais relevantes. O desfecho dos pacientes foi definido como grave se foi necessária ventilação não invasiva (VNI) ou intubação ou se o paciente faleceu. Resultados: Nossa amostra foi composta por 140 pacientes. A maioria era sintomática (132/138; 95,7%), e 133/140 (95,0%) apresentavam opacidades na RxT da admissão. Dos 140 pacientes, 7 (5,0%) não apresentavam comprometimento pulmonar, enquanto 58 (41,4%), 31 (22,1%), 26 (18,6%) e 18 (12,9%), respectivamente, receberam escore 1, 2, 3 e 4. Em nossa amostra, 66 pacientes foram submetidos a VNI ou intubação, 37 dos quais receberam escore 1 ou 2 na RxT inicial, e 28 pacientes faleceram. Conclusões: O escore de gravidade baseado em RxT parece ser capaz de prever a evolução clínica em casos com escore 0, 3 ou 4. No entanto, o escore isoladamente não consegue prever a evolução clínica de pacientes com comprometimento leve a moderado do parênquima (escores 1 e 2).

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a chest X-ray (CXR) score and of clinical and laboratory data in predicting the clinical course of patients with SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: This is a pilot multicenter retrospective study including patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the ERs in three hospitals in Italy between February and March of 2020. Two radiologists independently evaluated the baseline CXR of the patients using a semi-quantitative score to determine the severity of lung involvement: a score of 0 represented no lung involvement, whereas scores of 1 to 4 represented the first (less severe) to the fourth (more severe) quartiles regarding the severity of lung involvement. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were collected. The outcome of patients was defined as severe if noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or intubation was necessary, or if the patient died. Results: Our sample comprised 140 patients. Most of the patients were symptomatic (132/138; 95.7%), and 133/140 patients (95.0%) presented with opacities on CXR at admission. Of the 140 patients, 7 (5.0%) showed no lung involvement, whereas 58 (41.4%), 31 (22.1%), 26 (18.6%), and 18 (12.9%), respectively, scored 1, 2, 3, and 4. In our sample, 66 patients underwent NIV or intubation, 37 of whom scored 1 or 2 on baseline CXR, and 28 patients died. Conclusions: The severity score based on CXR seems to be able to predict the clinical progression in cases that scored 0, 3, or 4. However, the score alone cannot predict the clinical progression in patients with mild-to-moderate parenchymal involvement (scores 1 and 2).

ABSTRACT. The aim in this study was to evaluate the feeding behavior of goat kids fed diets containing peach palm meal replacing corn (0, 10, 40, 60, and 85 % on a dry matter basis). Thirty crossbred Boer kids, with 90 days old and initial body weight of 16.7 ± 3.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with six replicates. Diets were daily supplied ad libitum to allow 10-20 % leftovers. Three collections were performed every 28 days. Diets were isoenergetics and isonitrogenous, composed of corn, soybean meal, peach palm meal, mineral supplement and Tifton 85 hay, with roughage: concentrate ratio of 30:70. There was a linear reduction in the intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with a respective decrease of 35.7 % and 58.8 % comparing the diet with 85 % replacement and the control diet. The rumination and chewing times increased in diets with peach palm meal. The feeding and rumination rates decreased with reducing intakes of DM and NDF. The peach palm meal affects the feeding behavior and decreases the feed intake in response to palatability, fat and fiber composition, and it is recommended until 10 % replacing corn.

Resumo Fundamento: O strain longitudinal global (SLG) é capaz de predizer a capacidade funcional dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) preservada, e avaliar o prognóstico na IC com FEVE reduzida. Objetivo: Correlacionar o SLG com parâmetros do teste de exercício cardiopulmonar (TECP), e avaliar se o SLG seria capaz de predizer quais pacientes com IC sistólica deveriam ser encaminhados ao transplante cardíaco de acordo com os critérios do TECP. Métodos: Os pacientes com IC sistólica com FEVE <45%, classe funcional NYHA II e III, submeteram-se prospectivamente ao TECP e à ecocardiografia com análise do strain. A FEVE e o SLG foram correlacionados com as seguintes variáveis do TECP: maxVO2, inclinação de VE/VCO2, redução da frequência cardíaca durante o primeiro minuto de recuperação (RFC), e tempo necessário para a redução do maxVO2 em 50% após o exercício físico (T1/2VO2). Foi realizada análise da curva ROC do SLG em predizer um VO2 < 14 mL/kg/min e uma inclinação de VE/VCO2 > 35 (critérios para transplante cardíaco). O nível de significância adotado na análise estatística foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Vinte e seis pacientes foram selecionados para o estudo (idade, 47±12 anos, 58% homens, FEVE média LVEF = 28 ± 8%). A FEVE correlacionou-se somente com o maxVO2 e o T1/2VO2. O SLG correlacionou-se com todas as variáveis do TECP (maxVO2: r = 0,671; p = 0,001; inclinação de VE/VCO2: r = -0,513; p = 0,007; RFC: r = 0,466; p = 0,016; e T1/2VO2: r = -0,696, p = 0,001). A área sob a curva ROC para o SLG para predizer os critérios para transplante cardíaco foi de 0,88 (sensibilidade 75%, especificidade 83%) para um ponto de corte de -5,7%, p = 0,03. Conclusão: O SLG apresentou associação significativa com todos os parâmetros funcionais do TECP. O SLG foi capaz de classificar os pacientes com IC segundo capacidade funcional e possivelmente pode identificar quais pacientes têm um prognóstico ruim e, portanto, se beneficiariam de um tratamento diferenciado, tal como o transplante cardíaco.

Abstract Background: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain value (GLS) can predict functional capacity in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) heart failure (HF) and to assess prognosis in reduced LVEF HF. Objetive: Correlate GLS with parameters of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) and to assess if they could predict systolic HF patients that are more appropriated to be referred to heart transplantation according to CPET criteria. Methods: Systolic HF patients with LVEF < 45%, NYHA functional class II and III, underwent prospectively CPET and echocardiography with strain analysis. LVEF and GLS were correlated with the following CPET variables: maxVO2, VE/VCO2 slope, heart rate reduction during the first minute of recovery (HRR) and time needed to reduce maxVO2 in 50% after physical exercise (T1/2VO2). ROC curve analysis of GLS to predict VO2 < 14 mL/kg/min and VE/VCO2 slope > 35 (heart transplantation’s criteria) was performed. Results: Twenty six patients were selected (age, 47 ± 12 years, 58% men, mean LVEF = 28 ± 8%). LVEF correlated only with maxVO2 and T1/2VO2. GLS correlated to all CPET variables (maxVO2: r = 0.671, p = 0.001; VE/VCO2 slope: r = -0.513, p = 0.007; HRR: r = 0.466, p = 0.016, and T1/2VO2: r = -0.696, p = 0.001). GLS area under the ROC curve to predict heart transplantation’s criteria was 0.88 (sensitivity 75%, specificity 83%) for a cut-off value of -5.7%, p = 0.03. Conclusion: GLS was significantly associated with all functional CPET parameters. It could classify HF patients according to the functional capacity and may stratify which patients have a poor prognosis and therefore to deserve more differentiated treatment, such as heart transplantation.

Resumo A escória de forno elétrico foi usada como substituto do agregado graúdo natural na produção de peças de pavimentação de concreto. O traço de concreto 1:2:3:0,51 (cimento:areia:agregado graúdo:água) foi definido para alcançar uma resistência à compressão de 35 MPa. Quatro grupos de concreto foram preparados: um traço referência e três outros com a escória substituindo o agregado comum nas proporções de 25%, 50% e 75% (em massa). A resistência à compressão não foi influenciada pelo teor de escória, no entanto, foi influenciada pelo tempo de cura, uma vez que a amostra com 75% de escória apresentou 13,5% de aumento na resistência aos 56 dias em relação aos 7 dias de cura. A absorção de água apresentou uma pequena redução com a adição da escória. Os resultados da resistência à compressão e absorção de água atenderam aos requisitos das normas técnicas brasileira, indicando que os blocos podem ser utilizados para pavimentação de tráfego leve. De maneira geral, os resultados deste estudo destacam a influência do processo produtivo na qualidade final da escória, e a necessidade do estabelecimento de legislação e normas técnicas específicas, para nortear e promover o uso seguro da escória de forno elétrico em concreto.

Abstract In this study the electric arc furnace slag was used as coarse natural aggregate substitute in concrete paving blocks production. The concrete mixture was defined by using weight proportions in the ratio of 1:2:3:0.51 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water) in order to obtain a compressive strength of 35 MPa. Four groups of concrete were prepared: a reference recipe and three others with the slag replacing the natural aggregate in the proportions of 25%, 50% and 75%. The compressive strength was not influenced by the slag content; however, it was influenced by the curing age, as the sample with 75% of slag addition had its compressive strength increased by 13.5% from 7 to 56 days. Water absorption presented a slightly reduction with slag addition. The results of compressive strength and water absorption met the Brazilian technical requirements, making the paving blocks suitable for use in light vehicle traffic. The results obtained in this study highlight the influence of the production process in the final quality of the steel slag, and the need of stablishing technical and environmental requirements to guide and promote the safe use of electric arc furnace slag in concrete.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou detectar e intervir nas dificuldades de linguagem e comportamento em crianças de três e quatro anos de idade. Foram avaliadas 178 crianças nas áreas de comportamento, vocabulário expressivo e receptivo e processamento auditivo central. O grupo experimental, com 84 crianças, foi submetido à intervenção para o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de linguagem e manejo de comportamentos-problema por meio de atividades desenvolvidas em aplicativos usados em tablets, jogos concretos e orientações fornecidas a seus pais e professores por uma equipe de fonoaudiólogos, psicólogos e psicopedagogos. As análises do pós-teste indicaram diferença significativa entre os resultados dos testes de vocabulário e comportamento, sugerindo que esse modelo de avaliação e intervenção precoce pode ser uma estratégia bem-sucedida em ambiente escolar.

Abstract This project had the aim of detecting and intervening in difficulties of language and behavior in children at the age of three and four. A hundred seventy-eight children were assessed in behavior, expressive and receptive vocabulary and in central auditory processing. 84 children constituted the experimental group and were engaged in an intervention for the development and refinement of language and management of behavior problems through activities developed in software used in tablets, concrete games and orientation provided to their parents and teachers by a professional team composed by speech therapists, psychologists and psycho pedagogues. Posttest analysis indicated significant difference between the vocabulary and language scores, suggesting that this model of early assessment and intervention can be a successful strategy in school environments.

Imported malaria is a malaria infection diagnosed outside the area where it was acquired and is induced by human migration and mobility. This retrospective study was performed based on secondary data from 2007 to 2015. In total, 736 cases of imported malaria (79.7% of 923 cases) were recorded in Rio de Janeiro state. Of the imported cases, 55.3% came from abroad, while 44.7% came from other regions of Brazil. Most cases of imported malaria in Brazil (85.5%) originated in Amazônia Legal, and Burundi (Africa) accounted for 59% of the cases from abroad. Analyses of the determinants of imported malaria in Rio de Janeiro state must be continued to understand the relationship between the origin and destination of cases.

BACKGROUND American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a non-lethal parasitic disease that presents with cutaneous (CL) and mucosal (ML) clinical forms. ATL treatment aims at healing the lesions and preventing the development of the late mucosal form. Systemic meglumine antimoniate (MA) therapy with 10-20 mg Sb5+/kg/day is the first choice of treatment. However, alternative therapies using 5 mg Sb5+/kg/day or intralesional (IL) MA are the usual regimens at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. OBJECTIVES To evaluate lethality and the incidence of relapse and development of late ML in CL patients treated at NIID from 2001 until 2013. METHODS Data were recovered from records of all ATL patients diagnosed during that period. FINDINGS Out of 777 patients, 753 were treated with MA (96.9%). Of those, 89.1% received alternative therapy of 9.9% IL and 79.2% systemic 5 mg Sb5+/kg/day. Some patients required 1-3 additional courses of treatment, thus making a total of 997 courses; 85.2% of them were subjected to alternative therapies. Lethality was 0.1%, relapse incidence 5.8%, and late ML incidence 0.25%. As a final outcome for the 777 patients, 95.9% were cured, 0.1% died and 4.0% were not able to follow-up. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Alternative MA schedules resulted in low lethality without increase of relapse or late ML incidence.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources of lipids in the diets of dairy cows on the intake and digestibility of nutritional fractions, and milk production and composition. The experiment was conducted in a 42-hectare area divided into eight paddocks covered with Brachiaria brizantha. Twelve crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows were distributed into three simultaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares. The treatments consisted of different sources of lipids, as follows: diet with no extra source of lipids; diet with cottonseed as the source of lipids; diet with soy oil; and diet with used frying soy oil. The intakes of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, total carbohydrates, and non-fibrous carbohydrates were similar for all diets. The use of lipid sources caused a decrease in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and crude protein. The levels of protein, lactose, and defatted dry matter were reduced with the use of lipid sources but did not affect milk production. The use of cottonseed, soy oil, and used frying soy oil as sources of lipids in diets for lactating cows at pasture do not improve milk production, and their use is therefore optional.